2G

2G (Second Generation) is the first digital generation of mobile phone technology, launched in the 1990s. It replaced analog (1G) systems with digital standards like GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications).

Key points:

  • Digital (not analog): clearer calls, less noise, better security (A5/1/A5/2 ciphering)

  • Enabled SMS (text messaging) and basic data (GPRS/EDGE)

  • Typical data speeds: 10–100 kbps

  • Main standards: GSM (worldwide), CDMA (US/Asia)

  • Still used for voice/SMS in many places, but being phased out for 4G/5G

In short: 2G = digital mobile, calls + SMS + basic data, tech foundation for today’s cellular networks.

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